分布式系统设计的黄金法则

// 良好的超时与重试实现示例
public class ExternalServiceClient {
  private static final int MAX_RETRIES = 3;
  private static final long INITIAL_BACKOFF = 1000;

  public Response callWithRetry(Request request) {
    int attempt = 0;
    while (attempt < MAX_RETRIES) {
      try {
        // 设置合理的超时时间
        return httpClient.call(request, 5000);
      } catch (TimeoutException e) {
        attempt++;
        if (attempt == MAX_RETRIES) throw e;
        // 指数退避
        Thread.sleep(INITIAL_BACKOFF * (long)Math.pow(2, attempt));
      }
    }
    throw new ServiceUnavailableException();
  }
}